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AUSTRALIAN BREED STANDARD AND EXTENSION
GENERAL APPEARANCE
THE DALMATIAN SHOULD BE A BALANCED,
STRONG, MUSCULAR, ACTIVE DOG OF GOOD DEMEANOUR. SYMMETRICAL IN OUTLINE, FREE FROM
COARSENESS AND LUMBER, CAPABLE OF GREAT ENDURANCE WITH A FAIR AMOUNT OF SPEED.
The Dalmatian is a distinctively
spotted dog, however, no dog is more normal in its make up than the Dalmatian. It is free
from abnormalities and exaggeration. Other than its spotting, which will be discussed in
detail later, no features are peculiar to this breed. Balanced in all proportions,
it is an active, medium sized dog, displaying the stamina, strength and musculation needed
to keep up with horses for long periods of time. In addition, the Dalmatian is elegant and
graceful enough to enhance the appearance of any horse and carriage. BALANCE and
proportions should satisfy the eye and give a sense of perfect harmony both in repose and
action. STRONG, MUSCULAR, ACTIVE. The Dalmatian conveys the impression of substance
combined with elegance and perfect balance, never overdone. CAPABLE OF GREAT ENDURANCE.
With its purpose as a carriage dog so important, the Dalmatian should have the ability to
trot long distances alongside a coach. FAIR AMOUNT OF SPEED. This is interpreted as
meaning an ability to accelerate with a quick burst of speed when necessary. While it must
have the stamina to go all day, it must also have an action that is economical in order to
conserve energy, Although the Dalmatians purpose as a carriage dog is obsolete, the
standard is written with this in mind. Stamina is a must for this breed is achieved only
with a combination of soundness, firm topline, correct rib cage, correct boning, good
feet, correct angulation and sufficient exercise to produce good hard muscles
TEMPERAMENT
OF GOOD DEMEANOUR
Outgoing and friendly, not shy or hesitant, free
from nervousness and aggression. The Dalmatian is easy to get along with and loves people.
It is intelligent, alert and always friendly. An extrovert, and well known for its
characteristic grin.
HEAD AND SKULL
THE HEAD SHOULD BE OF FAIR LENGTH, THE
SKULL FLAT, REASONABLY BROAD BETWEEN THE EARS BUT REFINED, MODERATELY WELL DEFINED AT THE
TEMPLES i.e. EXHIBITING A MODERATE AMOUNT OF STOP, NOT IN ONE STRAIGHT LINE FROM NOSE TO
OCCIPUT BONE. ENTIRELY FREE FROM WRINKLE. THE MUZZLE SHOULD BE LONG AND POWERFUL, NEVER
SNIPY, THE LIPS CLEAN, FITTING THE JAW MODERATELY CLOSE. THE NOSE IN THE BLACK SPOTTED
VARIETY SHOULD ALWAYS BE BLACK IN THE LIVER SPOTTED VARIETY ALWAYS BROWN.
The Dalmatian is not a head breed, but the head
must be in proportion to the rest of the dog, clean looking smooth and free of wrinkle.
The topskull and muzzle should be about the same length. The topskull is nearly as broad
as it is long and it is almost flat with a slight. centre groove starting at the occiput,
coming down the stop between the eyes and extending onto the muzzle to the nose leather.
The stop is not pronounced but a subtle rise where the muzzle blends into the upper head.
From the side, toplines of the skull and the muzzle appear approximately parallel. The
muzzle is never weak nor pointed. The lips are clean and dry. There are no flews or
dewlaps.
EYES
THE EYES, SET MODERATELY WELL APART, SHOULD
BE OF MEDIUM SIZE, ROUND, BRIGHT AND SPARKLING, WITH AN INTELLIGENT EXPRESSION, THEIR
COLOUR, DEPENDING ON THE MARKINGS OF THE DOG, DARK IN THE BLACK SPOTTED, AMBER IN THE
LIVER SPOTTED. THE RIM ROUND THE EYES SHOULD BE COMPLETE, BLACK IN THE BLACK SPOTTED AND
LIVER BROWN IN THE LIVER SPOTTED.
Please remember that a Dalmatians eyes are
"round, bright and sparkling" A dog with a blue eye should not be shown.
EARS
THE EARS SHOULD BE SET ON RATHER HIGH, OF
MODERATE SIZE, WIDE AT THE BASE, GRADUALLY TAPERING TO A ROUNDED POINT. FINE IN TEXTURE.
CARRIED CLOSE TO HEAD. THE MARKINGS SHOULD BE WELL BROKEN UP, PREFERABLY SPOTTED.
The ears should be set on rather high. When alert
the base of the ear is level with the top of the skull. They should be of moderate size,
rather wide at the base gradually tapering to a rounded point. The ears should be fine to
touch, carried close to the head. There should be white breaking up the colour on the
ears, sometimes seen as marbling, though spotted ears are preferred
MOUTH
THE TEETH SHOULD MEET. THE UPPER SLIGHTLY
OVERLAPPING THE LOWER (SCISSOR BITE).
Any bite other than scissor bite incorrect.
NECK
THE NECK SHOULD BE FAIRLY LONG, NICELY
ARCHED, LIGHT AND TAPERING. ENTIRELY FREE FROM THROATINESS.
A Dalmatian requires fairly long cervical
vertebrae to give it that graceful arched neck which is desirable. It should have a good
flow of neck into the shoulder to assist in forming the symmetrical outline. While many
Dalmatians have been trained to hold the head high in the ring, when trotting freely the
head is thrust forward to achieve kinetic balance and is only slightly higher than the
topline.
FOREQUARTERS
THE SHOULDERS SHOULD BE MODERATELY OBLIQUE
CLEAN AND MUSCULAR. ELBOWS CLOSE TO THE BODY. THE FORELEGS PERFECTLY STRAIGHT WITH STRONG
ROUND BONE DOWN TO THE FEET, WITH A SLIGHT SPRING AT THE PASTERN JOINT.
The standard requires a moderately oblique
shoulder. The angle between the scapula and humerus is slightly more than 90 degrees.
shoulders should be well laid back and also of good length for muscles and tendons to
function properly. With correct angulation the scapula, together with the humerus act as
shock absorbers. the two combined lift the leg, giving the rhythmic stride called for in
the standard. Length of scapula and humerus should be equal. Front legs should be
perfectly straight right down to the foot, with a slight spring of pastern. They should be
about the width of two legs apart and should be evenly boned the entire length.
BODY
THE CHEST SHOULD NOT BE T00 WIDE BUT DEEP
AND CAPACIOUS WITH PLENTY OF LUNG AND HEART ROOM. THE RIBS WELL SPRUNG, WELL DEFINED
WITHER, POWERFUL LEVEL BACK, LOINS STRONG, CLEAN AND MUSCULAR, AND SLIGHTLY ARCHED.
The chest should be viewed from three angles.
From the front, it is deeper than it is wide and it is well filled. From above, it is
wider at the shoulder than at the loin. From the side the pro-sternum is only slightly
visible in front of the forelegs, but the lower portion of the chest extends to the
dog’s elbow. A chest with a long rib cage is described as "well ribbed
back" which give plenty of room for the lungs to expand, which is necessary for
endurance. The underline of the chest gradually slopes upward from midway along the rib
cage to the end of the ribs. The Dalmatian has only a moderate tuck up. The back should be
level in motion and in natural stance. In a properly constructed dog with good muscle
development the topline from the withers to the onset of tail remains level whether the
dog is standing or moving. There should be well defined withers, but with no interruption
to the flow of neck into the shoulders and back. The loin should neither be excessively
long nor short. If anything, the Dalmatian is slightly longer than high from point of
shoulder to point of buttock, withers to ground. The extra length of rib cage, not loin.
The arching of the loins should not be exaggerated and comes from strong musculation.
HINDQUARTERS
ROUNDED, MUSCLES CLEAN WITH WELL DEVELOPED
SECOND THIGH, GOOD TURN OF STIFLE AND HOCKS WELL DEFINED.
Correct hindquarters on a Dalmatian are also
important as it is a dog who must be able to gait for many kilometres up and down hills.
It is a "moderate" dog with a normal front angulation, and therefore requires a
stifle which is moderately well bent. The Dalmatian should convey endurance and a fair
turn of speed. If it had excessive angulation it would tire itself and without angulation,
would not cover the ground. The hindquarters should be strong. The outline of well
developed muscles should be clearly seen on the buttocks, legs and second thigh. The
pelvic slope should be approximately 30 degrees. The thigh and second thigh should be long
and the hock to the ground short. Muscles should be well developed in inner and outer
thighs as well as the second thigh (calf muscle). The hock should be vertical to the
ground when standing. Hocks should be well let down to give good endurance.
TAIL
IN LENGTH REACHING APPROXIMATELY TO THE
HOCKS. STRONG AT THE INSERTION GRADUALLY TAPERING TOWARDS THE END, IT SHOULD NOT BE
INSERTED T00 LOW OR T00 HIGH, FREE FROM COARSENESS AND CARRIED WITH A SLIGHT UPWARD CURVE,
NEVER CURLED. PREFERABLY SPOTTED.
It is a moderate tail set. The tail is an
extension of the topline, flowing with the back line after taking into consideration the
slightly arched loin. At rest the Dalmatian may carry the tail low, but on the move or
when alert it is carried with a slight upward curve. A traditional sabre carriage.
FEET
ROUND, COMPACT, WITH WELL ARCHED TOES (CAT
FEET) AND ROUND TOUGH ELASTIC PADS. NAILS BLACK OR WHITE IN THE BLACK SPOTTED VARIETY, IN
THE LIVER SPOTTED, BROWN OR WHITE.
Good legs and "cat feet" are very
important. Strong feet and thick tough pads are a must for an endurance dog. Feet should
turn neither in nor out.
GAIT/MOVEMENT
THE DALMATIAN SHOULD HAVE GREAT FREEDOM OF
MOVEMENT. A SMOOTH, POWERFUL RHYTHMIC ACTION WITH A LONG STRIDE. VIEWED FROM BEHIND, THE
LEGS SHOULD MOVE IN PARALLEL, THE HIND LEGS TRACKING THE FORE. A SHORT STRIDE AND PADDLING
ACTION IS INCORRECT.
Movement tells us much about the Dalmatians
structure, which is not always revealed when it is standing still, for it reflects its
physical co-ordination, balance for the body and soundness. The dog seeming to exert a
minimum of effort to cover the ground. When judging the Dalmatian in the ring, the length
of stride should be in proportion to the dog, steady in rhythm of 1,2,3,4. Front legs
should not paddle, nor should there be a straddling appearance. Hind legs should neither
cross nor weave. Judges should be able to see each leg move with no interference from
another leg. Drive and reach are most desirable. When a dog moves away from the judge in a
straight line, the hind legs conceal the fore, the hind foot covering the spot the fore
foot has just left, not overreaching.
COAT
THE COAT SHOULD BE SHORT, HARD AND DENSE,
SLEEK AND GLOSSY IN APPEARANCE.
The coat should be of uniform texture with hair
on the ears and head shorter and softer. It is a single coated dog.
COLOUR
THE GROUND COLOUR SHOULD BE PURE WHITE.
BLACK SPOTTED DOGS HAVE DENSE BLACK SPOTS AND LIVER SPOTTED DOGS LIVER-BROWN SPOTS. THEY
SHOULD NOT RUN TOGETHER BUT BE ROUND AND WELL DEFINED, THE SIZE OF A FIVE TO A TWENTY CENT
COIN, AS WELL DISTRIBUTED AS POSSIBLE. SPOTS ON THE EXTREMITIES SHOULD BE SMALLER THAN
THOSE ON THE BODY.
In both varieties the colour of the spots should
be dense and have a sheen. The black should be a shiny jet black. There is no definite
description laid down as far as the liver colour is concerned, but it should be a rich
liver brown. The ideal is a colour which cannot be mistaken for black in average light at
a reasonable distance (e.g. across a show ring.) Variations of liver colour on the one dog
or greyish markings on a black spotted specimen are undesirable. Spots should not run
together but be round and well defined. Balance of markings is a feature. Most dogs have
groups of spots close together. A few spots that join are acceptable, provided they can be
seen to be spots. They should not form a conglomeration of ugly proportions. Clear
definition of spots is important. The edges should not blend into the ground colour so as
to appear grey or have a dark halo. Spots in size FIVE to a TWENTY cent coin. Spots on the
body are larger than those on the head, legs and tail. The ears should be spotted, but
this is not essential just as spots on the tail are not essential. For some reason many
liver dogs have smaller spots than blacks. Tick marks, or flecks are not spots and are
undesirable. Tick marks are smaller than a one cent piece and are rather more like flecks
appearing on the coat. Optical illusion can be created by uneven spotting regarding
conformation and gaiting. Spotting is the one unique feature of the Dalmatian and is an
essential part of the breed type, although confirmation should not be sacrificed to
spotting alone. However the significance of good spotting must not be denigrated or this
unique and identifying feature of the breed could be lost. Perfect markings have never
been achieved and it is safe to say they never will be.
SIZE
0VERALL BALANCE OF PRIME IMPORTANCE, BUT
THE IDEAL HEIGHT TO BE AIMED AT IS:
DOGS 58.4-6l.0cm (23-24ins) BITCHES 56.0-58.4cm (22-23ins)
Balance is of prime importance and should not be
sacrificed to size alone. Dogs slightly larger or smaller than the ideal standard should
not be excluded from placings if they present a balanced picture. The belief that the dogs
only ran under the axle is incorrect. The Dalmatian was equally at home alongside,
in front of, or behind the coach. Remember, overall balance.
FAULTS
BLUE EYES, PATCHES, BLACK AND LIVER SPOTS
ON THE SAME DOG (TRICOLOURS), LEMON SPOTS, BRONZING AND OTHER FAULTS OF PIGMENTATION.
Blue eyes, patches, tri-colours and lemon spots
highly undesirable.
Patches, Dalmatian pups are born pure
white, although shadows of spots may be seen on the skin at birth. A patch is clearly
visible at birth and usually found on the ear or face. A patch is an area of solid colour,
a rich deep black or liver, usually with a velvety texture. It is sharply defined with an
absence of white hairs. To determine between a solidly marked ear and a patch, turn the
ear over to see if there are any white hairs. The presence of white hair, no matter how
small an amount, would indicate a solidly marked ear. Tri-colours, a black spotted
tri-colour is a dog with black spots and tan/brown spots. A liver spotted tri-colour has
liver brown spots and light orange or lemon spots. The tri-colour spots generally appear
on the front of the neck, chest, inside legs or around the vent.
Lemon/orange spotting. Lemons have black nose and eyerim
pigment, where oranges have brown nose and eyerim pigment. Black and liver spotting are
the only acceptable colours. Dalmatians with Patches, Blue eyes, Tri-colours or having
lemon or orange spotting, should not be exhibited. Bronzing can occur during a
"coating out" period. On the black spotted variety it is seen as a bronze tinge
around the edges of the spots and/or on the surface of spots. Livers are affected
similarly, the spots tending to develop a halo of gingery colour. Bronzing must be
assessed in relation to the rest of the dog and should be considered similar to a coated
breed being out of coat or having dropped coat temporarily.
NOTE Male animals should have two apparently normal
testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
CONCLUSIONS
JUDGING THE DALMATIAN.
A good Dalmatian must be of good breed type,
balanced, sound in movement, well spotted and of good temperament. One of these things on
its own is not enough.
Remember the Standard describes a dog free
of exaggerations and abnormalities. Please judge the breed to leave it that way.
1994
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